Trading Away Democracy 18 21 All conversions in this paper are based on a conversion rate of July 2016 (1€ = US$1.109). 22 PowerShift/TNI/SOMO, “The German Nuclear Phase-Out Put to the Test in International Investment Arbitration? Background to the new dispute Vattenfall v. Germany (II)”, 2013, p. 3, http:// power-shift.de/wordpress/ wp-content/uploads/2012/06/TNI- PowerShift-Somo-Paper-Vattenfall- ICSID-case-updated-2013.pdf IISD, “The State of Play in Vattenfall v. Germany II: Leaving the German public in the dark”, 2014, http://www.iisd.org/sites/ default/files/ publications/state-of-play-vattenfall-vs-germany-II- leaving-german-public- dark-en.pdf 23 CCPA, CEO, Friends of the Earth Europe, German NGO Forum on Environment and Development, TNI (2016) Investment Court System put to the test. New EU proposal will perpetuate investors’ attack on health and environment Available on : http://corporateeurope.org/international-trade/2016/04/eu- investment-proposal-won-t-prevent-corporate-attacks-health 24 International Investment Arbitration and Public Policy (IIAPP) (2011): Foresti v South Africa (Italy-South Africa BIT). 25 Kevin P. Gallagher, International Investment Agreements and Sovereign Debt Restructuring – Mission Creep, in Kavaljit Singh and Burghard Ilge (eds), Rethinking Bilateral Investment Treaties: Critical Issues and Policy Choices (New Delhi: Both Ends, Madhyam, and Somo, 2016) 26 Karadelis, Kyriaki (2012): Can Veolia trash Egypt at ICSID?, Global Arbitration Review, 28 June. 27 Data retrieved from the following Government of Canada website in July 2016: http://w03.international.gc.ca/Commerce_ International/Commerce_Sector-Secteur.aspx?lang=eng 28 Corporate Europe Observatory/Transnational Institute (2014): Profiting from Crisis. How corporations and lawyers are scavenging profits from Europe’s crisis countries 29 UNCTAD (2014) Investor-State Dispute Settlement: an Information Note on the United States and the European Union, IIA Issue Notes, Number 2, June, http://unctad.org/ en/PublicationsLibrary/ webdiaepcb2014d4_en.pdf 30 Data retrieved from the following Government of Canada website in July 2016: http://w03.international.gc.ca/Commerce_ International/Commerce_Indicator-Indicateur.aspx?lang=eng 31 The list of countries sued by EU investors for Financial and insurance activities includes: Cyprus, Austria, Cameroon, Mauritius, Ukraine, Greece, Russia, Poland, Slovakia, Georgia, Macedonia, Korea, Venezuela, Kyrgyzstan, Indonesia, Peru, Sri Lanka, Kazakhstan, Argentina, Czech Republic, Turkey, Tunisia, Estonia, Burundi, Malaysia. 32 Data compiled from http://investmentpolicyhub.unctad.org/ISDS 33 Data retrieved from the following Government of Canada website in July 2016: http://w03.international.gc.ca/ Commerce_International/Commerce_Sector-Secteur. aspx?lang=eng 34 According to the ICSID website (https://icsid.worldbank.org/ apps/ICSIDWEB/cases/Pages/AdvancedSearch.aspx ?eco=101), 575 cases were pending or concluded. 145 of them related to the oil, gas and mining sector. 35 Whittington, Les (2010): Canadian mining firms worst for environment, rights: Report, The Star, 19 October. 36 Quoted in Kenn, Kip (2013): Landmark Canada/ EU trade agreement could have major implications for miners, Mineweb, 23 October. 37 Quoted in Kenn, Kip (2013): Landmark Canada/ EU trade agreement could have major implications for miners, Mineweb, 23 October. 38 Friends of the Earth Europe (2014): Dirty Deals: How trade talks threaten to undermine EU climate policies and bring tar sands to Europe, 9. 39 Pembina Institute, Oilsands 101: Climate Impacts. Notes 1 Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives (2015) NAFTA Chapter 11 Investor-State Disputes. Available at : https://www. policyalternatives.ca/sites/default/files/uploads/publications/ National%20Office/2015/01/NAFTA_Chapter11_Investor_State_ Disputes_2015.pdf Two new disputes were made public since the publication of this report. 2 Data retrieved from the following UNCTAD website in June 2016: http://investmentpolicyhub.unctad.org/ISDS/FilterByCountry 3 The consolidated version of all chapters, annexes and declara- tions of the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) is available here: http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/ docs/2014/september/tradoc_152806.pdf 4 Quoted in Eric Frei « Schiedsrechtsexperte : TTIP-Gerichtshof würde wenig ändern », Der Standard, 2nd November 2015, http://derstandard.at/2000024886097/TTIP-Gerichtshof- wuerde-wenig-aendern, translation : Pia Eberhardt 5 European Commission internal report about a meeting with Chevron on ISDS in TTIP, dated 29th April 2014. Obtained through an access to documents requests via the EU’s information disclosure regulation. On file with CEO. 6 Quoted in Kenn, Kip (2013): Landmark Canada/ EU trade agreement could have major implications for miners, Mineweb, 23 October. 7 Corporate Europe Observatory/Transnational Institute (2012): Profiting from Injustice. How law firms, arbitrators and finan- ciers are fuelling an investment arbitration boom, chapter 4; van Harten, Gus 2012: Arbitrator Behaviour in Asymmetrical Adjudication: An Empirical Study of Investment Treaty Arbitration, Osgoode Hall Law Journal 50:1, 211-268. 8 UNCTAD (2016) Investment Dispute Settlement Navigator Available on http://investmentpolicyhub.unctad.org/ ISDS?status=1000 (consulted on 21st May 2016) 9 Tienhaara, Kyla (2010): Regulatory Chill and the Threat of Arbitration. A View from Political Science. 10 Quoted in Greider, William (2001): The Right and US Trade Law. Invalidating the 20th Century, The Nation, 17 November. 11 IIAPP 2011: SD Myers v Canada (NAFTA Chapter 11). 12 Public Citizen (2014): Table of Foreign Investor-State Cases and Claims under NAFTA and Other US “Trade” Deals, August, 14. 13 Corporate Europe Observatory/Council of Canadians/ Transnational Institute (2013): The right to say no. EU-Canada trade agreement threatens fracking bans. 14 CCPA, CEO, Friends of the Earth Europe, German NGO Forum on Environment and Development, TNI (2016) Investment Court System put to the test. New EU proposal will perpetuate investors’ attack on health and environment Available on : http://corporateeurope.org/international-trade/2016/04/eu- investment-proposal-won-t-prevent-corporate-attacks-health 15 http://globalarbitrationreview.com/news/article/34783/ nafta-panel-admits-amicus-briefs-pharma-case/ 16 Trew, Stuart (2013): Eli Lilly’s NAFTA lawsuit should prompt rethink of investor ‘rights’ deals, 30 August. 17 Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives (2015) NAFTA Chapter 11 Investor-State Disputes. Available at : https://www. policyalternatives.ca/sites/default/files/uploads/publications/ National%20Office/2015/01/NAFTA_Chapter11_Investor_State_ Disputes_2015.pdf Two new disputes were made public since the publication of this report. 18 See note 16. 19 UNCTAD (2016) Investment Dispute Settlement Navigator Available on http://investmentpolicyhub.unctad.org/ ISDS?status=1000 (consulted on 21st May 2016) 20 UNCTAD (2016) Investment Dispute Settlement Navigator Available on http://investmentpolicyhub.unctad.org/ ISDS?status=1000 (consulted on 21st May 2016)